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Admiral of the Fleet Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke KB, PC (21 February 1705 – 16 October 1781) was a Royal Navy officer. As captain of the third-rate HMS ''Berwick'' he took part in the Battle of Toulon in February 1744 during the War of the Austrian Succession. He also captured six ships of a French squadron in the Bay of Biscay in the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in October 1747. Hawke went on to achieve a victory over a French fleet at the Battle of Quiberon Bay in November 1759 during the Seven Years' War, preventing a French invasion of Britain. He developed the concept of a Western Squadron, keeping an almost continuous blockade of the French coast throughout the war. Hawke also served as First Lord of the Admiralty for five years between 1766 and 1771. In this post, he was successful in bringing the navy's spending under control and also oversaw the mobilisation of the navy during the Falklands Crisis in 1770. ==Early life== Born the only son of a Edward Hawke, a barrister at Lincoln's Inn, and Elizabeth Hawke (née Bladen),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke )〕 Hawke benefited from the patronage of Colonel Martin Bladen a Member of Parliament, who was his maternal uncle.〔Lewis p.183〕 Hawke joined the navy as a volunteer in the sixth-rate HMS ''Seahorse'' on the North American Station in February 1720.〔Heathcote, p. 107〕 Promoted to lieutenant on 2 June 1725, he transferred to the fifth-rate HMS ''Kingsale'' on the West Coast of Africa later that month, to the fourth-rate HMS ''Portland'' in the Channel Squadron in April 1729 and to the fourth-rate HMS ''Leopard'' in November 1729.〔 After that he moved to the fourth-rate HMS ''Edinburgh'' in the Mediterranean Fleet in May 1731, to the sixth-rate HMS ''Scarborough'' in January 1732 and to the fourth-rate HMS ''Kingston'', flagship of Commodore Sir Chaloner Ogle, Commander-in-Chief of the Jamaica Station, in December 1732.〔 After this, Hawke's career accelerated: promoted to commander on 13 April 1733, he became commanding officer of the sloop HMS ''Wolf'' later that month and promoted to captain on 20 March 1734, he became commanding officer of the sixth-rate HMS ''Flamborough'' later that month.〔 The following year he went on half-pay and did not go to sea again until July 1739 when he was recalled to become commanding officer of HMS ''Portland'' on the North American Station and was sent to cruise in the Caribbean with orders to escort British merchant ships. He did this successfully, although it meant his ship did not take part in the British attack on Porto Bello in November 1739 during the War of Jenkins' Ear.〔Lewis p. 183-84〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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